Operating Manual
19 Pages
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Operating Manual
Iris 3
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This operating manual is only valid for Iris 3 with the following identification plate:
Content 0. 0.1 0.2
Installation advice PC IRIS 3 program version 3.XX
1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Preface Designated appliance, functional principle Description of the system, performance and technical data Advise to possible risks, emissions, cleaning Norms, directives Scope of supply Transport
2. 2.1 2.2
Initiation Prearrangements Operation/Handling
3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Measurement operations – general details Configurations Calibrations Database Measurement
4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5.
Service Preface Function Troubleshooting Maintenance Functionality Test IRIS for Quality Control
5. 5.1 5.2 5.3
Addendum "Delta" und "DOB" - value, definition and commentary Literature Measurement protocol (on demand)
Important advice: Please read the operating manual carefully and follow all advices to ensure correct handling of the system.
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0.
Installation advice
0.1
Computer system Minimum requirements: System software Windows 9x to XP , available serial interface (RS 232) for the communication between the PC and the IRIS 3-system. All screensaver and/or energy saver which are preinstalled in the System must be shut off. We experienced that there could be interferences together with the IRIS-Program (the PC did not work-the measurements will be interrupted).
0.2
IRIS 3 program version 3.XXm Details for the installation of the program are available at Wagner Analysen Technik GmbH.
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1.
Preface
1.1
Designated appliance The InfraRed ISotop Analyser IRIS-3 of WAT allows the precise measurement of the isotope 13 12 ratio CO2/ CO2 of breath samples. Functional principle of IRIS
® 13
C-Stable Isotope Analyser:
Infrared (IR)-spectroscopy has been used for a long time for the quantitative analysis of gas mixtures, i.e. the determination of the concentration of certain gases in other gases. The IRabsorption of a gas mixture which is irradiated by the light of a narrow band IR-light source spectrally dispersed over the IR-wavelength range by a dispersive element (e.g. grid, interferometer) is measured through its absorption spectral lines. This method is called “conventional IR-spectroscopy”. ®
Contrary to that conventional method, IRIS is using with non-dispersive IR-spectroscopy(NDIR) a broad-band light source and acoustic-optical detectors which are sensitive only to those wavelengths at which the gases to be measured are IR-absorbing. With two such detectors, 12 13 individually sensitive to the absorption spectra for CO2 and CO2, the concentrations of these 13 12 two gas components to be related to each other for C/ C-isotope ratio determination are measured. The IR-absorption spectra of the asymmetrical stretch oscillation modes of both the 13 12 CO2 –and CO2-molecules are separated almost completely. NDIR-spectroscopy, utilizing all the absorbing lines of an individual gas component for its detection, has a high sensitivity combined with a very good linearity in measuring individual gas 13 12 components, a presupposition for determining the C/ C-isotope ratio which generally in nature is set near to 1/100. 13 Actually, the concentrations of CO2 in breath gas are in the range of 50 to 500 ppm, where 12 CO2 accordingly is at concentrations of 0.45 to 4,5 Vol.%. Within that device, every measurement of the gas components IR-absorption is related to a full energy measurement of the IR-light source, available by a reference gas cell filled with the non-IR-absorbing gas Nitrogen. Such, an internal compensation for any instability of the light source is applied, and 13 12 C/ C-isotope ratios are determined down to 0.1 %o (per mille) related to ratios near 1.1 % (percent). 4
In absolute terms, that measurement by NDIR-spectroscopy does provide a sensitivity of 1/10 x 2 6 R 1/10 = /10 for the isotope ratio, and - as demonstrated on IRIS -systems - also has stabilities within +/- 0.2 %o (per mille) on real life breath samples over the CO 2-concentration range between 0,5 to 6 Vol.%. 13 ® That capability is the base that for any C-breath test done on an IRIS -system the amount of 13 13 C-substrate to be used on man needs to contain not more than 15 mg of carbon C as the label, to constitute a quantitative test-result within reasonable limits of uncertainty.
The daily calibrations require 5 minutes of instrument time, and the monthly total check of calibrations is to be completed within 40 minutes in an automated mode which does not require more than the operator’s samples to be attached and calibrations to be started. ®
The very heart of IRIS is an analyzer-principle which is in use successfully through several of its generations for quantitative analysis of CH4, CO, CO2, and many other gases ("URAS" by 13 12 Hartmann & Braun, Frankfurt/Main, Germany) and has been modified for C/ C-isotope analysis by the group of Prof. Hering and Dr. Haisch, University of Düsseldorf, Germany in cooperation with WAGNER ANALYSEN TECHNIK GmbH Bremen/Germany.
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1.2 Description of the system, performance and technical data Assembly Infrared spectrometer The entire system is fixed within a 19" housing (4 HU = 205 mm high), which stands on antislip feet at the bottom of the case. Inside the unit you find the analyser box, which contains the analyser and its related electronics. The membrane pump and the power supply are fixed to the baseplate, too. In the front panel of the case the bag ports are mounted, behind the front panel the valves are mounted on a block. The control unit for the valves and the measuring cell (CAN-Bus) are fixed to the right side wall. At the back of the device you find the mains inlet with fuses and switch, an opto-isolated RS232 interface to the PC and gas connections. A cartridge with sodium lime for the production of carbondioxide-free air for the calibration is mounted on the baseplate in front of the analyser box. A warning symbol on the top cover of the case (right rear side) reminds you to pull the mains plug before opening the cover. The device works with low voltage (230 VAC) (see also appendix). Important Hint: The exchange of the sodium lime can only be performed by a WAT technician or a technician certified by WAT! Inlet system The filled breath bags (max. 16) are connected to the ports on the front panel of the IRIS system. Each of these ports is connected to an electrically operated valve which opens software-controlled. The breath samples in the bag are pumped through the 12 13 measurement units for CO2 and CO2 by a membrane pump. The air volume of one bag should allow two measurements of the isotope ratio ("delta"-value, see Addendum). Measurement units The units are placed within a thermally isolated and air tight housing which is mounted to the base plate. The housing may only be opened by the service staff of WAT. Power data Measuring condition: The system has to be powered up for at least 24h (stable temperature), Automatic calibration, concentration calibration need to bee done A reference measurement are to be carried out. 12
13
Internal reproducibility for the identification of the Isotope-relation of C/ C in breath samples: <= 0,3 delta o/oo Stability for the duration of a series of 8 Bags with the same breath sample: <= 0,3 delta o/oo Duration of measurement of one breath bag: 2 min
Technical data IRIS- 3 weight of the spectrometer: electrical connections: power consumption: mains switch with two fuses: Datatransfer: gas connections :
22 kg 90-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz ca. 0,1 kW 4 A T H 250V 9 pol. D-Sub male connector (RS 232) 2 Schott connections 1/8" for "air" and "gas outlet". 1 connection 1/16“ prepared for the WAT Multisampler"
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1.2 cont. Environmental conditions: IRIS should be operated under laboratory conditions with respect to temperature and humidity. Temperature t: +10 °C <= t <= +40 °C Humidity rH: 30% <= rH <= 75% Pressure p: 700hPa <= p <= 1060 hPa At the place where the IRIS system is installed there should be no vibrations or other movements (shock). See the label on top of the device! Please do not place anything on top of the system (shocks may cause failures). Maintenance: The IRIS system is practically maintenance free. (Please see chapter 4) Technical data of the PC Please see the operating manual which comes with the PC.
1.3
Information on the potential dangers, emissions, cleaning The device is intended for the exclusive use with Breath samples and may, under no circumstances, used for measurements with other gas! The device is not suitable for use in the presence of explosive gases, flammable, anesthetic gases mixed with air, oxygen or nitrous oxide. When breath samples are measured, which may be infective, it is possible to connect a tube to the "Exhaust" port on the back of Iris 3 and lead it into a drain or the open air. The device can be cleaned from the outside with a disinfectant (ethyl alcohol or similar). After mains failure the device can be disturbed in function. Remedy: Close the Iris 3 program and restart.
1.4
. 1.5
Norms, directives The device is an IVD"(in vitro diagnostic) medical device and subject to the regulations of the IVD directive 98 / 79 / EC. According tot he directive IRIS is classified as General/Other. The procedure referred to in Annex III is followed in order to affix the CE marking and to draw up the EC declaration of conformity.The device is classified after IEC 601-1 in protective class 1 Type B. Scope of supply Analyser (checked and prepared for operation) in 19" table housing, power cable, cable for interface. (2 m long, socket-socket, for transfer rates of min.9600 Baud), operating instruction and other documents according to order: Breath bag (Order number WT8005) with 2 x ca. 0,1 l volume with connecting hose; disposal as a packaging garbage Mouthpieces (Order number WT8007) with one-way valve as hygene barrier for unique use (material PE, hygienically packs), disposal as a packaging garbage, PC, (Please see chapter 0.1 of these operating manual)
1.6
Transport For the transport put the device out of action (see 2.3 these operating instructions), unplug all cables. Then the device can be carried by the handles (at the side of the device) by two persons. The device must be transported in horizontal position and may not be tilted. For the transport of the PC (screen, computer,) please follow the suitable operating instructions.
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2.
Initial operation
2.1 Prearrangements 2.1.1 Electric connection For the operation five 115 to 230 V earthed receptacles (for Iris, Multisampler, PC, monitor and printer) fused with 10 A are necessary. Mains cables are provided. 2.1.2 Computer Do not put up the PC on top of the Iris device. 2.1.3 Gas connections at the left top side of the back wall of the device 3 gas connections are found. By the connection called „Air“ the Iris spectrometer gets environmental air for the flushing of the whole gas-leading volume. The connection called "Multisampler input " is used only in connection with the Multisampler of WAT. From the connection called "Exhaust" the measured breath air flows out to the environment. 2.2
Operation/handling At first switch on the mains switch of the Infrared-spectrometer (at the back of the Iris device). The power on state is indicated by a light-emitting diode in the front panel of the device (as dot on the i of Iris). Important! At a re-start of the system -Pls wait for more than 5 minutes in order to complete the start-up of the IRIS device! Then switch on PC system and double click on the IRIS icon.The Iris "main menu" appears (see the screen illustrated below .
Pls.note
The Iris 3 device may not be switched off after the "warm-up phase" any more! The specifications can be reached only if the device has reached the final temperature set by the factory (see in addition the service menu "status ", the temperature T2 has to be 50 C !). The Iris 3 device must be calibrated once every day before the beginning of the measurements with regard to the zero point and reference (automatic calibration and reference measurement) and Once monthly (at least) with regard to the concentration (concentration calibration). See in addition chapter 3.2
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3.
Measurement Iris 3 can be operated – except for necessary inputs like figures or letters - exclusively by clicking the suitable buttons with the mouse. The buttons can also be selected with the tab- key and be activated by operating the "Enter" key. The program is structured in a way that all functions are accessible from the main menu: Button „Configuration“: Input and presentation of the general configuration data see the following chapter 3.1 Button „Calibration“: Procedures for the complete and as much as possible automatic see chapter 3.2 Button "Data base": Data base system for the storage of patient's data, test type see chapter 3.3 Button "Measurement": Definition and realisation of breath tests see chapter 3.4 Button "Service ": Allows, after entering the password for "service", the access to other only necessary for the service case - functions of the device see chapter 4
General arrangements: Buttons are written in bold letters and marked with " ": Menus are written in italics: card indexes are underlined:
"OK " Measurement Test types
Button "Ok" :
Accept the entered values and return to the previous menu
Button "Cancel":
Return to the previous menu without acceptance of the entered values These two buttons always belong together and are active in windows
Input of data:
Only possibly in fields that turn blue on mouse click White fields with blue writing are pure announcement fields
Button „Back":
Return to the previous menu = to the next higher level This button is only active in "pure" menu windows.
Beside the now following description, the chapters configuration (3.1), calibration (3.2), data base (3.3), measurements (3.4) and services (4) contain sheets with the representations of the menus appearing on the screen and lists including all buttons enclosed.
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3.1
Configuration of the Iris-device The device can be configured by clicking the button "configuration", i.e. the location of the device and other parameters (language, password, number of the breath bag connections) can be entered. By clicking the button "OK" the new entries are accepted and it is shifted back to the main menu.
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3.2
1.
Calibrations Each necessary calibration is selected by the main menu with the button "Calibration". By clicking the suitable button and confirmation of the query with the button "OK" the selected calibration procedure is carried out. The following table shows the calibration procedure available for Iris and should be performed in the following order as stated below
Kind of calibration
Condition/Time
2.1
Automatic calibration (the zero-point will be adjusted) duration : approx. 2 min
every day before the first measurement and after longer period w/o measurering
2
Concentration calibration (considers the dependence of delta value by the concentration of the CO2 in breath gas) duration: approx. 40 min
Once a Month (the two first months, twice per month and if too much negative DOBvalues (< -2 o/oo) appear and at the same time clearly different concentrations for the CO2 are shown
3
Reference calibration (comparison to reference value) duration : approx. 2 min
every day before the first measurement (if serial measurements are performed, it should be done 2-4 times a day)
Hint for the realisation of the concentration calibration A breath bag has to be filled with air of a concentration CO2 > 5% and is connected to the bag port 1. Exhaled air contains generally between 2.5 and 4% CO2.For concentrations> 5% it is enough that before inflating the bag the breath is held for approx. 30 sec. If a value of > 5% is not reached, an error message appears and the calibration must be repeated with a breath bag filled correctly.(recomendation- to use a single bag with a volume of >1l for this calibration type) After completion of the calibration , press the button "replacement"- the measured curve replaces the old one and is now the valid curve (see picture 3.2-2). The concentration calibration can be interrupted with the button "Stop"; for erasing the started curve (red points) a new concentration calibration can began. Stopping the measurement immediately after the start leads to the original curve. NOTE: in the menu Configuration the limit values for the concentration area can be changed by clicking the button "concentration calibration". The step width is set by the factory and should not be changed without any specific reason. Reference calibration/measurement A measurement with a normal breath test will be carried out and the measured delta value is compared to the reference value of -26 o/oo. With the difference the following measuring values are corrected. Connect a breath bag (normally blown breath sample) to connection 1 and click either in the menu Calibration "reference" or in the menu Measurement "list" and in the field testtype select reference measurement, default patient's name is N.N. (entry already available)
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Picture 3.2-1
Picture 3.2-2
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3.3
Database Database stands for 3 card indexes which may be activated by clicking onto the corresponding button: Patients : Contains all data of the person (patient) which are necessary for the evaluation. As input at least the name is required. Patient names are selected by clicking to the scroll bar in menu file: patients or with button "search".See the corresponding figure database 1. Test types: Contains a list with predefined tests. Other test may be defined by the user. Tests are selected by clicking to the scroll bar in menu file: tests or with button "search". See the corresponding figure database 2 and 2.1 tests. Results: Contains the test results for each patient. Any result is automatically stored including the data of the corresponding patient. Test results are selected by clicking to the scroll bar in menu test results: tests or with button "search". See the corresponding figure database 3 General agreement to card indexes: Deleting cards is only possible in card index results ! Only if the cards in the card indexes patient and tests show a "0" cards may be deleted in the card indexes. The cards of the card indexes show buttons at the upper rim; by clicking onto these buttons further data of the card are presented (e.g. a graphic of the data is put onto the screen). All data and graphics correspond always to the data shown when the button "general" is active. Administration: In menu database there is a button “administration”, by clicking onto the button "repair" the database is reorganized which could be necessary after a failure of the entire PC system.
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3.4
Measurement
3.4.1
Sample collecting
3.4.1.1 Connecting the breath bags Before you start the measurement please remove connected breath bags, if any. Basal- or "0" sample: Breath bag should be emptied completely. Connect a mouthpiece to the bag, the patient should blow up the bag, then keep the bag filled by connecting the small blue stopper to the hose or connect the bag directly to the corresponding hose port. The mouthpiece can be used for other samples of the same patient and has to be disposed after usage. A hose clamp should be used if the bags are to be stored for some time ( ~ 1 week). 3.4.1.2 Substrate intake (see for the recommended measurement procedure for each test) 3.4.1.3 Other breath tests After taking the labelled substrate and after the times which are prescribed for the respective test take the other breath samples. The bags must be connected to the bag ports as defined in the sample list. 3.4.2
IRIS 3 Breath Tests Presuppositions: IRIS is switched on and has been in stand by status at least for 24h. PC is switched on and shows the main menu. For the tests described there are several predefined procedures in the card index Tests See examples in table below
Test (name)
abbrev.
Helicobacter Test Diabact ( 50 mg, 0 and 10 min) Helicobacter Status (75mg, -0 and 30 min)) Helicobacter Status (4 points) Other: Reproducibility (8 samples) Reference Single measurement
UBT Dia UBT UBT-Q Reproduc REF Single
Enery Expenditure (16 samples) EE-BT Gastric emptying liquid GEBT-L Gastric emptying solid 1 GEBT-S1 Gastric emptying solid 2 GEBT-S2 Lactose 25g Lac-25 Lactose-Ureid/Lactosyl-Ureid OCCT-BT Liverfunction 1 (Aminopyrin) LBT-1 Liverfunction 2 (Methacetin) LBT-2 Liverfunction 3 (Methionine) LBT-3 Liverfunction 4 (13C-Sodium Octanoate) LBT-4 Pancreatic function PBT Additional (e.g.Corn Starch Amylase Test, Fructose BT, Uracil BT7, Xylose etc.)
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3.4.2.1 Helicobacter pylori Click on to "measurement" in the main menu, then on "list", then within the list click on to the row where you want to start the test. A new form shows up where either a name out of the card index patients can be chosen or by clicking onto the "new" button. A new name can be input (an input of at least one letter is necessary - other data can be input any time). Then choose a test out of the card index tests by clicking onto the scroll bar. A list will show which contains the predefined tests. For the Helicobacter pylori status using Diabact, the tests are predefined: 2 point measurement at 0 and 10 minutes. Other tests may be defined. See chapter 3.4.2.5 card index tests. Connect bags to the ports corresponding to the input in the sample list. Click on "Start" in menu measurement. 3.4.2.2 Liver function Click on to "measurement" in the main menu, then on "list", then within the list click on to the row where the data should be placed. A new form shows up where either a name out of the database "patients" can be chosen or by clicking onto the "new" button a new name can be input (an input of at least one letter is necessary - other data can be input any time). Then choose a test out of the card index tests by clicking onto the scroll bar. A list will show which contains the predefined tests. For the liver function measurement 4 test procedures are redefined: a 10 point measurement for substrates aminopyrin, methacetin, methionine, sodium octanoate respectively. Other tests may be defined. See chapter 3.4.2.5 card index tests. Connect bags to the ports corresponding to the input in the sample list. Click on "Start" in menu measurement. 3.4.2.3 Gastric emptying Click on to "measurement" in the main menu, then on "list", then within the list click on to the row where the data should be placed. A new form shows up where either a name out of the database "patients" can be chosen or by clicking onto the "new" button a new name can be input (an input of at least one letter is necessary - other data can be input any time). Then choose a test out of the card index tests by clicking onto the scroll bar. A list will show which contains the predefined tests. For the gastric emptying measurement 3 test procedures are predefined for three different substrates. Other tests may be defined. See chapter 3.4.2.5 card index tests. Connect bags to the ports corresponding to the input in the sample list. Click on "Start" in menu measurement 3.4.2.4 Pancreas function Click on to "measurement" in the main menu, then on "list", then within the list click on to the row where the data should be placed. A new form shows up where either a name out of the card index patients can be chosen or by clicking onto the "new" button a new name can be input (an input of at least one letter is necessary - other data can be input any time). Then choose a test out of the card index tests by clicking onto the scroll bar. A list will show which contains the predefined tests. For the pancreas function measurement 1 test procedure is predefined: A 9 point measurement. Other tests may be defined. See chapter 3.4.2.5 card index tests. Connect bags to the ports corresponding to the input in the sample list. Click on "Start" in menu measurement. 3.4.2.5 More tests To define other tests in the main menu click "Database", there on "Test Types " and "New" and then you can carry out the suitable entries in the form. Absolutely identically defined tests are not accepted as new: in the field Abbreviation the tests must be different. See also database test types.
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3.4.3
Results The results of the measurements (Delta or DOB values) appear in the symbols for the breath bags (menu Measurement). Details to the measurements can be seen by clicking the button "List". Click to a measurement in the list leads to the representation of a card index with all data to the patient and the carry out test. See in addition also the following sheet "measurement sheet 3“. All results are automatically saved in the card index results and can be called up from there. See in addition under point 3.3 Database results sheet 3. External saving of the data is possible by clicking the button "export" in the menu Measurement. The results are saved as a file with the addition *.txt*( = place holder for file name) and can be read by a spreadsheet programme (e.g., Excel, Open office).
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4. 4.1
Service Preface The described calibrations in chapter 3.2 are necessary requirements for the flawless function of the Iris 3 device. During the calibration the calibration cells in the optical path of the spectrometer will be retracted to measure the decrease of the gain reserve of the detector. This is necessary to correct the measured data. The gain reserve of the detector will fall from 100% in the beginning to approx. 70-80% within one year, after that the gain reserve will remain stable for years then. The system will report a failure if the gain reserve will fall to 50% (the gain reserve is spent). If that happens the system has to be send to WAT for service. Other failures are easily seen in the results (database results with corresponding card index). See chapter 4.3 troubleshooting. The following described functions will support the user if small failures or unclear results appear.
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4.2
Functions at Menu Service Starting from the main menu several service functions can be chosen by clicking onto the "Service" button. You will need the password and then you see some functions you do not need at general operation: "Measurement" allows individual measurements e.g. the pumping speed, stability of the 12 13 values for CO2 or CO2 and many more. "System" by clicking onto that button a schematic of the Iris system is presented on the screen. All units with a function may be activated by clicking onto the respective symbol e.g. all valves, the pump or the calibration cells. "Status" all parameters defining the present status are shown. "Calibration" (see also chapter 3.2) These service functions are needed to also calibrate at the service-mode. Additionally to the automatic and concentration calibration the zero- and the endpoint can be calibrated.
4.3
Troubleshooting Trouble no picture on PC after turn on
Sample is not taken from bag
Delta values not in the supposed range
Delta values show too high standard deviation (standard deviation > 1)
DOB values negative (-2 delta o/oo or more)
possible cause / removal Check cables (mains plug); brightness and contrast of the screen not properly set, set brightness and contrast regulators to desired brightness / contrast Valve does not open, try once more, if not successful, see under menu service system Manual Membrane pump does not work, see under menu service system: The valves and the pump can be switched by clicking individually. No test connected or wrong placement on the ports. Check function of the device in normal breath gas test. Calibration is not valid any more, select automatic calibration in the menu Calibration, repeat reference measurement. Calibration is not valid any more repeat automatic calibration in the menu Calibration,repeat reference measurement, if error still occurs , repeat concentration calibration (see chapter 3.) Pumping speed too low: setting of the pumping speed: see service sheet 2. Concentration calibration is not valid anymore repeat concentration calibration (see chapter 3.
Special hint concerning error messages! Announcement Data communication disturbed
Hardware error (with Number)
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Remark Restart the Iris 3 program The device is reinitialized automatically: the main menu is shown. If the announcement appears once again: please switch off the Iris device for 1 min and then restart. The appeared mistakes are listed in the card index mistake (menu Service status).
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4.4
Maintenance The IRIS system is practically maintenance free. After 12 months the container with soda lime has to be checked - a blue dye indicates that the soda lime is not useful any more and should be changed against a newly filled container. A new one can be ordered at “WAT” and be exchanged by a service technican trained and certified by the manufacturer WAT. Please be careful as soda lime is corrosive!
4.5
Functionality Test IRIS for Quality Control To check the correct function of an Iris system the following steps are necessary: 1. Checking of pump speed (see Technical Manual) 2. Stability measurement 3. Complete calibration (Automatic, Concentration and reference – see point 3.2 and 3.4.2 above and the simplified user instruction 4. Reproducibility Measurement from 8 breath bags Calibrate your Iris system as you are used to in the normal order “Automatic“, “Concentration calibration“, “Reference calibration Perform Reproducibility Measurement according to description in theTechnical Manual)
5.
Addendum
5.1
„Delta“ and “DOB” - value, definition and commentary : 13 12 The „Delta“-value of a breath sample Rs does describe the C/ C-ratio at the carbon dioxide 13 12 of that breath sample in relation to the C/ C-isotope ratio of the world wide generally as the 13 12 carbon isotope standard accepted „PD-Belemnite“ (PDB) - carbonate material with its C/ Cratio stated as RPDB = 0,0112372 . “Delta“ = (( RS / RPDB) - 1) x 1000 ( ‰ ) “Delta per mille” The “Delta Over Base”- value = “DOB”-value does describe the change of the „Delta“-value at 13 the CO2 of the breath gas, which at a distinct time after the ingestion of a C-labelled substrate will develop related to that Basal-Delta-value, which had been measured at the individuals 13 breath prior to the ingestion of the C-labelled substrate. Basal-Delta-values at the CO2 in human breath worldwide are between - 28.0 and - 23.0 Delta 13 12 13 12 per mille. In essence, these C/ C-ratios are by 28.0 to 23.0 per mille lower than the C/ Cratio of the PDB-carbon isotope standard. „DOB“ = deltasample – deltabasal
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5.2
Literature A sensitive isotope selective non dispersive infrared spectrometer for concentration measurements in breath samples. Haisch, P. Hering, W. Fuß, W. Fabinski Isotopenpraxis - isotopes in environmental and health studies 13
12
Clinically feasible stable isotope technique at a reasonable price: analysis of CO2/ CO2abundance in breath samples with a new isotope selective non dispersive infrared spectrometer. Braden, B., Haisch, M., Duan, L.P., Lembcke, B., Caspary, W.F., and Hering, P. Z. Gastroenterol 1994; 32: 675-678 13
Breath Tests in Gastric Emptying and Transit Studies: Technical Aspects of CO2-Breath Tests Y. Ghoos, B. Geypens, B. Maes, M. Hiele, G. Vantrappen, P. Rutgeerts in: Progress in Understanding and Management of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Edited by J. Janssens
5.3
Measurement protocol on demand
In case of failures, contact us:
Manufacturer:
Wagner Analysen Technik GmbH Haferwende 21 28357 Bremen E-Mail: support @kibion.com Tel.: +49 (0) 421 27 86 5-0 Fax: +49 (0) 421 27 86 5-20
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